Photosynthesis - AP Biology
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Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
Where does the Calvin Cycle take place?
The Calvin Cycle (dark reactions) take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts, which is the aqueous space inside the organelle.
The Calvin Cycle (dark reactions) take place in the stroma of the chloroplasts, which is the aqueous space inside the organelle.
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What is the name of the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis?
What is the name of the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis?
The light-independent reaction in photosynthesis is called the Calvin cycle. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are the first and second steps in cellular respiration, respectively. Beta-oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA, which may enter the Krebs cycle, ultimately to produce ATP.
The light-independent reaction in photosynthesis is called the Calvin cycle. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are the first and second steps in cellular respiration, respectively. Beta-oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA, which may enter the Krebs cycle, ultimately to produce ATP.
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Where does the Calvin cycle take place in the chloroplasts?
Where does the Calvin cycle take place in the chloroplasts?
The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma area in the chloroplasts. The mitochondria is another organelle, and the nucleus contains the DNA. The thylakoids are in the chloroplasts and contain the pigment chlorophyll in which the light reactions occur.
The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma area in the chloroplasts. The mitochondria is another organelle, and the nucleus contains the DNA. The thylakoids are in the chloroplasts and contain the pigment chlorophyll in which the light reactions occur.
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Which is not a step of the light independent reaction?
Which is not a step of the light independent reaction?
Absorption of sunlight in photosystem II is the first step of the light dependent reaction, not the light independent reaction. During the light independent reaction, or the Calvin Cycle, carbon fixation first occurs. CO2 produced during the light dependent reaction reacts with RuBP, ultimately producing PGA. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco. Then, PGA is converted to G3P, using ATP and NADPH produced during the light dependent reaction. The G3P is ultimately converted to glucose. Every 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction), 6 molecules of G3P are produced; only 1 is used to produce glucose. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP to allow the Calvin Cycle to continue.
Absorption of sunlight in photosystem II is the first step of the light dependent reaction, not the light independent reaction. During the light independent reaction, or the Calvin Cycle, carbon fixation first occurs. CO2 produced during the light dependent reaction reacts with RuBP, ultimately producing PGA. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco. Then, PGA is converted to G3P, using ATP and NADPH produced during the light dependent reaction. The G3P is ultimately converted to glucose. Every 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction), 6 molecules of G3P are produced; only 1 is used to produce glucose. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP to allow the Calvin Cycle to continue.
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Where do light independent reactions of photosynthesis occur?
Where do light independent reactions of photosynthesis occur?
Light independent reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane.
Light independent reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane.
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What the products of the light independent reactions?
What the products of the light independent reactions?
Light independent reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane.
Light independent reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Light dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane.
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What the products of the light independent reactions?
What the products of the light independent reactions?
The products of the light independent reaction are glucose, NADP+, and H2O. The reactants are CO2, NADPH, and ATP.
The products of the light independent reaction are glucose, NADP+, and H2O. The reactants are CO2, NADPH, and ATP.
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Which enzyme is important in photosynthesis, and what is its function?
Which enzyme is important in photosynthesis, and what is its function?
During the first step of the light independent reaction, or Calvin Cycle, CO2 produced from the light dependent reaction reacts with RuBP. This reaction is catalyzed by Rubisco, or ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase.
During the first step of the light independent reaction, or Calvin Cycle, CO2 produced from the light dependent reaction reacts with RuBP. This reaction is catalyzed by Rubisco, or ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase.
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Which is not a required input for the Calvin Cycle?
Which is not a required input for the Calvin Cycle?
The Calvin Cycle, or light independent reaction, does not utilize sunlight as an input. During the light independent reaction, or the Calvin Cycle, carbon fixation first occurs. CO2 produced during the light dependent reaction reacts with RuBP, ultimately producing PGA. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco. Then, PGA is converted to G3P, using ATP and NADPH produced during the light dependent reaction to allow this reaction to occur. The G3P is ultimately converted to glucose. Every 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction), 6 molecules of G3P are produced; only 1 is used to produce glucose. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP to allow the Calvin Cycle to continue.
The Calvin Cycle, or light independent reaction, does not utilize sunlight as an input. During the light independent reaction, or the Calvin Cycle, carbon fixation first occurs. CO2 produced during the light dependent reaction reacts with RuBP, ultimately producing PGA. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco. Then, PGA is converted to G3P, using ATP and NADPH produced during the light dependent reaction to allow this reaction to occur. The G3P is ultimately converted to glucose. Every 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction), 6 molecules of G3P are produced; only 1 is used to produce glucose. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP to allow the Calvin Cycle to continue.
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How many G3P molecules are produced after 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle; and how many of these G3P molecules are used to produce glucose after 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle?
How many G3P molecules are produced after 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle; and how many of these G3P molecules are used to produce glucose after 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle?
Every 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction), 6 molecules of G3P are produced; only 1 is used to produce glucose. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP to allow the Calvin Cycle to continue.
Every 3 cycles of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reaction), 6 molecules of G3P are produced; only 1 is used to produce glucose. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P are used to regenerate RuBP to allow the Calvin Cycle to continue.
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What is the first step in photosynthesis?
What is the first step in photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis begins with energy from light being converted to chemical energy. The only answer explanation accurately explaining this process describes the conversion of light energy (photons) to chemical energy (excited electrons).
Photons present in light strike and excite electrons in chlorophyll.
The photons are highly energized light particles, which strike chlorophyll and excite and free electrons in the chlorophyll molecule. These excited electrons pass through the electron transport chain and their energy is collected to make ATP.
Photosynthesis begins with energy from light being converted to chemical energy. The only answer explanation accurately explaining this process describes the conversion of light energy (photons) to chemical energy (excited electrons).
Photons present in light strike and excite electrons in chlorophyll.
The photons are highly energized light particles, which strike chlorophyll and excite and free electrons in the chlorophyll molecule. These excited electrons pass through the electron transport chain and their energy is collected to make ATP.
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The light reactions of photosynthesis are responsible for the production of which of the following molecules?
The light reactions of photosynthesis are responsible for the production of which of the following molecules?
The light reactions are the steps of the photosynthesis that function to convert solar energy into chemical energy that can be used during the Calvin cycle. The light reactions use solar energy to reduce 
to 
and to convert 
to 
.
The light reactions are the steps of the photosynthesis that function to convert solar energy into chemical energy that can be used during the Calvin cycle. The light reactions use solar energy to reduce
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Which of the following is a by-product of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
Which of the following is a by-product of the light reactions in photosynthesis?
During the light reactions water is split and the by-product is oxygen. Oxygen is then released back into the atmosphere. Sugars are produced during the Calvin cycle and are not a direct product of the light reactions.
During the light reactions water is split and the by-product is oxygen. Oxygen is then released back into the atmosphere. Sugars are produced during the Calvin cycle and are not a direct product of the light reactions.
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Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?
Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes inside of chloroplasts in plant cells. Photosynthesis depends on the buildup of a proton gradient across a membrane to generate ATP. The thylakoid is an organelle present only in plants. The phospholipid bilayer and cell wall surround plant cells, and are not involved in photosynthesis.
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes inside of chloroplasts in plant cells. Photosynthesis depends on the buildup of a proton gradient across a membrane to generate ATP. The thylakoid is an organelle present only in plants. The phospholipid bilayer and cell wall surround plant cells, and are not involved in photosynthesis.
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When a molecule of NAD⁺ gains a hydrogen atom, the molecule becomes?
When a molecule of NAD⁺ gains a hydrogen atom, the molecule becomes?
The molecule is reduced because when a molecule gains an electron, it is said to be reduced. The answer oxidized would have been chosen if the molecule lost an electron. Plasmolysis has nothing to do with the gain or loss of an electron, and the term redoxed does not fit into this question. Hydrolysis is when a bond is broken using water, so that is incorrect as well.
The molecule is reduced because when a molecule gains an electron, it is said to be reduced. The answer oxidized would have been chosen if the molecule lost an electron. Plasmolysis has nothing to do with the gain or loss of an electron, and the term redoxed does not fit into this question. Hydrolysis is when a bond is broken using water, so that is incorrect as well.
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What is the purpose of the light dependent reaction?
What is the purpose of the light dependent reaction?
The light dependent reaction converts solar energy to chemical energy, using the photosystem to capture light energy, and ultimately produce ATP and NADPH. Pigment molecules in the photosystem absorb photons of light, which then reach the chlorophyll, exciting electrons in the chlorophyll. The excited electron then is transferred to a primary electron acceptor of the electron transport chain (and is replaced by the splitting of water (to produce O2, H+ and e-)).
The light dependent reaction converts solar energy to chemical energy, using the photosystem to capture light energy, and ultimately produce ATP and NADPH. Pigment molecules in the photosystem absorb photons of light, which then reach the chlorophyll, exciting electrons in the chlorophyll. The excited electron then is transferred to a primary electron acceptor of the electron transport chain (and is replaced by the splitting of water (to produce O2, H+ and e-)).
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During the light dependent reaction, what is the purpose of creating a proton gradient in the thylakoid lumen?
During the light dependent reaction, what is the purpose of creating a proton gradient in the thylakoid lumen?
The ATP synthase protein is embedded in the thylakoid membrane. When sunlight is captured by photosystem II in the light dependent reaction, water is split, producing O2 and 2 H+ ions and 2 electrons. As the electrons flow down the electron transport chain, this energy is used to pump hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid space, producing a high concentration of hydrogen ions inside the thylakoid lumen. Eventually, the hydrogen ions then flow from the area of high concentration (in the thylakoid lumen) to an area of low concentration (in the stroma ), through the ATP synthase protein. The movement of the hydrogen ions through this structure combines ADP with phosphate, producing ATP.
The ATP synthase protein is embedded in the thylakoid membrane. When sunlight is captured by photosystem II in the light dependent reaction, water is split, producing O2 and 2 H+ ions and 2 electrons. As the electrons flow down the electron transport chain, this energy is used to pump hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid space, producing a high concentration of hydrogen ions inside the thylakoid lumen. Eventually, the hydrogen ions then flow from the area of high concentration (in the thylakoid lumen) to an area of low concentration (in the stroma ), through the ATP synthase protein. The movement of the hydrogen ions through this structure combines ADP with phosphate, producing ATP.
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Which does not occur during the light dependent reaction?
Which does not occur during the light dependent reaction?
Carbon fixation, catalyzed by Rubisco, occurs during the first step of the light independent reaction.
Carbon fixation, catalyzed by Rubisco, occurs during the first step of the light independent reaction.
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What products of the light dependent reaction are necessary for the light independent reaction to occur?
What products of the light dependent reaction are necessary for the light independent reaction to occur?
ATP and NADPH are produced during the light dependent reaction, and are reactants necessary for the light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) to occur. During the light independent reaction, ATP and NADPH are used to convert phosphoglycerate molecules (PGA) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules (G3P). G3P is then used to produce glucose.
ATP and NADPH are produced during the light dependent reaction, and are reactants necessary for the light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) to occur. During the light independent reaction, ATP and NADPH are used to convert phosphoglycerate molecules (PGA) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules (G3P). G3P is then used to produce glucose.
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Which is true of light dependent reactions?
Which is true of light dependent reactions?
Light dependent reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH). Sunlight and H2O are the reactant of the light dependent reaction. The sunlight is captured by photosystem II, and is used to excite electrons. Splitting of H2O produces hydrogen ions used to establish the proton gradient, and electrons produced replace the electrons transferred to the primary electron acceptor.
Light dependent reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH). Sunlight and H2O are the reactant of the light dependent reaction. The sunlight is captured by photosystem II, and is used to excite electrons. Splitting of H2O produces hydrogen ions used to establish the proton gradient, and electrons produced replace the electrons transferred to the primary electron acceptor.
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