Review real example questions for Vectors in ACT Math.
Question 1
Which vector represents 4b if b=⟨0,7⟩?
⟨0,28⟩
⟨0,7⟩
⟨4,7⟩
⟨4,28⟩
Explanation: This problem requires scalar multiplication of a vector. When multiplying vector ⟨a,b⟩ by scalar k, the result is ⟨ka,kb⟩. For 4b = 4⟨0,7⟩, we multiply each component by 4: ⟨4⋅0,4⋅7⟩ = ⟨0,28⟩. Scalar multiplication affects each component independently.
Question 2
What is the magnitude of vector v if v=⟨5,12⟩?
13
17
25
18
Explanation: This problem asks for the magnitude of vector v = ⟨5, 12⟩. The magnitude of angle brackets a comma b equals square root of (a squared plus b squared). Calculating: magnitude of angle brackets 5 comma 12 equals square root of (5 squared plus 12 squared) equals square root of (25 plus 144) equals square root of 169 equals 13. Choice C gave 25 (forgot to add 144 before taking square root).
Question 3
What is the magnitude of the vector ⟨3,4⟩?
7
5
7
25
Explanation: We need to find the magnitude of vector ⟨3, 4⟩. The magnitude formula is: magnitude of ⟨a, b⟩ equals square root of (a squared plus b squared). Calculating: magnitude equals square root of (3 squared plus 4 squared) equals square root of (9 plus 16) equals square root of 25 equals 5. Choice D shows 25, which is the value before taking the square root.
Question 4
What is v+w if v=⟨−2,5⟩ and w=⟨6,−1⟩?
⟨4,4⟩
⟨8,−6⟩
⟨−8,6⟩
⟨4,−6⟩
Explanation: We need to add vectors v = ⟨-2, 5⟩ and w = ⟨6, -1⟩. Vector addition formula: ⟨a, b⟩ plus ⟨c, d⟩ equals ⟨a plus c, b plus d⟩. Calculating: v plus w equals ⟨-2, 5⟩ plus ⟨6, -1⟩ equals ⟨-2 plus 6, 5 plus (-1)⟩ equals ⟨4, 4⟩. Add corresponding components separately.
Question 5
If v=⟨7,1⟩ and w=⟨1,7⟩, what is v−w?
\langle 6, -6 \rangle
\langle 8, 8 \rangle
\langle 6, 6 \rangle
\langle -6, 6 \rangle
Explanation: This problem asks for vector subtraction v - w where v = ⟨7, 1⟩ and w = ⟨1, 7⟩. For vector subtraction, angle brackets a comma b minus angle brackets c comma d equals angle brackets a minus c comma b minus d. Calculating: v minus w equals angle brackets 7 comma 1 minus angle brackets 1 comma 7 equals angle brackets 7 minus 1 comma 1 minus 7 equals angle brackets 6 comma negative 6. Subtract corresponding components.
Question 6
What is v+w if v=⟨1,2⟩ and w=⟨3,4⟩?
⟨1,4⟩
⟨2,6⟩
⟨3,6⟩
⟨4,6⟩
Explanation: This problem involves vector addition. When adding vectors ⟨a, b⟩ + ⟨c, d⟩, the result equals ⟨a + c, b + d⟩. For v + w = ⟨1, 2⟩ + ⟨3, 4⟩, we add corresponding components: ⟨1 + 3, 2 + 4⟩ = ⟨4, 6⟩. Vector addition requires adding components separately.
Question 7
What is the magnitude of c=⟨8,15⟩?
17
23
64
225
Explanation: This problem asks for the magnitude of a vector. The magnitude of vector ⟨a,b⟩ equals a2+b2. For c = ⟨8,15⟩, the magnitude equals 82+152=64+225=289=17. This is a Pythagorean triple (8,15,17).
Question 8
What is the magnitude of the vector ⟨8,6⟩?
14
14
10
100
Explanation: We need to find the magnitude of vector ⟨8, 6⟩. Using the magnitude formula: magnitude of ⟨a, b⟩ equals square root of (a squared plus b squared). Calculating: magnitude equals square root of (8 squared plus 6 squared) equals square root of (64 plus 36) equals square root of 100 equals 10. This is a 6-8-10 Pythagorean triple (scaled version of 3-4-5).
Question 9
What is −3v if v=⟨2,−4⟩?
⟨−6,12⟩
⟨6,12⟩
⟨−6,−12⟩
⟨2,12⟩
Explanation: We need to find -3v where v = ⟨2, -4⟩. Scalar multiplication formula: k times ⟨a, b⟩ equals ⟨ka, kb⟩. Calculating: -3 times ⟨2, -4⟩ equals ⟨-3 times 2, -3 times (-4)⟩ equals ⟨-6, 12⟩. Note that -3 times (-4) gives positive 12.
Question 10
What is 4v if v=⟨0,5⟩?
\langle 0, 5 \rangle
\langle 4, 20 \rangle
\langle 0, 20 \rangle
\langle 0, 25 \rangle
Explanation: This problem asks for scalar multiplication 4v where v = ⟨0, 5⟩. For scalar multiplication, k times angle brackets a comma b equals angle brackets ka comma kb. Calculating: 4 times angle brackets 0 comma 5 equals angle brackets 4 times 0 comma 4 times 5 equals angle brackets 0 comma 20. Multiply each component by the scalar 4.